No hay duda de que las rosas son las flores más populares del mundo de las plantas. Las hemos visto en el cine, en poesía y en infinidad de obras de arte como símbolo de belleza y amor. No en vano son consideradas las reinas de las flores y uno de los anhelos más comunes de los amantes de la jardinería. Es bastante común que al iniciar en la jardinería muchos fijemos como meta el tener un arbusto frondoso con rosas perfectas dignas de Belleza Americana, desafortunadamente, también es común que nos topemos con la realidad de que cultivar rosas requiere un poco más que rociarle algo de agua cada día y terminamos con arbustos que no satisfacen al 100% nuestras expectativas o, en el peor de los casos, terminar con una planta marchita y sin intenciones de intentarlo de nuevo.
Por eso, si estás empezando en el mundo de la jardinería y decidiste dedicarte a la reina de las flores, te contaremos todo los aspectos más esenciales que necesitas saber para cultivar rosas perfectas desde el momento en el que eliges tu primera rosa en el vivero.
Siempre resulta una sorpresa que la variedad va mucho más allá de si son rojas o blancas, sino que existen más de 30.000 especies de rosas y cada año siguen apareciendo muchas más. Las variedades de rosas se dividen en tres grandes grupos: Las rosas antiguas, las rosas silvestres y las rosas modernas, que representan un 95% de las rosas cultivadas en la actualidad.
Al elegir tu primera rosa en el vivero, lo más probable es que encuentres una gran variedad de rosas modernas y estas son la opción ideal si deseas cultivar rosas, ya que por ser híbridas son mucho más resistentes a enfermedades.
La elección de la maceta es crucial para que tu rosa crezca saludable ya que las raíces de las rosas requieren de suficiente espacio para fortalecerse. La maceta ideal para una rosa es de al menos 50 centímetros de diámetro y 60 centímetros de profundidad, esto dará a tu rosa suficiente espacio para sus raíces. En cuanto al material de la maceta, lo ideal es utilizar macetas de barro, ya que estas retienen menos temperatura evitando que las raíces se quemen.
¡No olvides el drenaje! La maceta debe tener agujeros en su base para evitar que el agua se acumule y pudra las raíces de tu rosa.
•Regado
Al cultivar plantas, el regado suele ser uno de los puntos débiles si estamos empezando en jardinería. Las rosas, al igual que cualquier especie de planta, tienen necesidades específicas que debemos satisfacer si queremos que crezcan hermosas y saludables.
Las rosas necesitan suficiente agua para que las raíces puedan absorber la humedad, por eso lo más recomendable es rociar suficiente agua para asegurarnos de que el agua llegue, al menos, hasta la raíz. También debes asegurarte de que tu rosa tenga suficiente drenaje, si no, el agua se acumulará y la ahogará. La frecuencia ideal dependerá de la temperatura y la exposición al sol, para esto, el mejor indicador será la tierra, ya que lo ideal es agregar suficiente agua para conservar la tierra húmeda y suelta, pero no tanta como para que se compacte y dificulte el drenaje.
•Trasplante y sustrato
Si vemos que las raíces de la rosa empiezan a asomarse por el agujero de drenaje o el nivel de tierra ha bajado eso sólo significa que es tiempo de trasplantar.
Lo primero es preparar la tierra en la nueva maceta. La tierra debe estar lo suficientemente suelta para que las raíces crezcan libremente. El sustrato que usemos dependerá del tipo de tierra que tengamos, este debe tener un pH balanceado o ligeramente ácido. Si necesitamos modificar el pH de la tierra podemos agregar cal (si es muy ácido) o azufre (si es una muy alcalino) y dejar reposar por un par de días antes de hacer el trasplante.
El día perfecto para trasplantar una rosa es un día nublado, en temporada de crecimiento inactivo para evitar dañar la planta lo menos posible. Antes de sacar la rosa de su maceta original, debemos abrir un agujero lo suficientemente profundo en la tierra de la nueva maceta, las raíces deben entrar en el agujero sin problemas y sin quedar aplastadas. Luego introducimos la rosa, evitando romper la raíz, y cubrimos con algo de arena. No olvides que es vital mantener la tierra húmeda durante la semana posterior al trasplante.
Hay infinidad de cuidados y consideraciones según la variedad de rosa, pero con estos puntos básicos podrás empezar a cultivar rosas y te irás familiarizando con ella a medida que la conozcas, ¡así que toma tus guantes de jardinería y manos a la obra!
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